Что означает такое окончание у слов - "ish"?
У меня есть кое-какие догадки, но хотелось бы услышать ясное и чёткое определение.
"ish" - smallish, laddish, etc.
-
Pink Monkey
- Уже с Приветом
- Posts: 1247
- Joined: 05 May 2002 20:04
Ну...
Вот определение Вебстера -
Main Entry: -ish
Function: adjective suffix
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English -isc; akin to Old High German -isc, -ish, Greek -iskos, diminutive suffix
1 : of, relating to, or being -- chiefly in adjectives indicating nationality or ethnic group <Finnish>
2 a : characteristic of <boyish> <Pollyannaish> b : inclined or liable to <bookish> <qualmish>
3 a : having a touch or trace of <purplish> : somewhat <darkish> b : having the approximate age of <fortyish>
А вот ОЕД (полностью все примеры и объяснения не привожу, слишком много) -
1. In OE. and the cognate langs., chiefly forming gentile adjs. from national names: e.g. British (OE. Brittisc), English (OE. Englisc, Sc. Inglis), Scottish, Scotch (OE. Scyttisc, Sc. Scottis, Scots), Irish (OE. Irisc), Welsh (OE. Wielisc, Sc. Walys, Wallis); Danish
2. Added to other ns., with the sense ‘Of or belonging to a person or thing, of the nature or character of’. These were not numerous in OE., whence only a few have come down to later times. Examples are ... heathenish ... inlandish, ... outlandish (which come close to the gentile group in 1); also ... human, ... childish, ... churlish. In later times this ending has become exceedingly common, sometimes in the earlier colourless sense as boyish, girlish, waggish, but chiefly in a derogatory sense, ‘Having the (bad or objectionable) qualities of’: as in apish, babyish, boarish, boorish, brutish, clownish, currish, devilish, doggish, doltish...
Also from names of things, with sense ‘of the nature of, tending to’, as in aguish, blockish, bookish, brinish, feverish, freakish, hellish, moorish; or from other parts of speech, as snappish, stand-offish, uppish.
In recent colloquial and journalistic use, -ish has become the favourite ending for forming adjs. for the nonce (esp. of a slighting or depreciatory nature) on proper names of persons, places, or things, and even on phrases, e.g. Disraelitish, Heine-ish, Mark Twainish, Micawberish, Miss Martineauish, Queen Annish...
3. Added to adjs. with the sense ‘Of the nature of, approaching the quality of, somewhat’, apparently first with words of colour (which may have been treated as ns., and so have originally come under 2): e.g. bluish (a1400), blackish (a1500), brownish, reddish, whitish, yellowish, etc. In later use also with other adjs., and now, in colloquial use, possible with nearly all monosyllabic adjs., and some others, e.g. brightish, broadish, coldish, darkish, dimmish...
4. Added to names of hours of the day or numbers of years to denote: round about, somewhere near (the time or period of) (prob. after earlyish, latish).
Вообще, значения суффксов и префиксов часто очень четко и понятно объяснены в словаре.
Вот определение Вебстера -
Main Entry: -ish
Function: adjective suffix
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English -isc; akin to Old High German -isc, -ish, Greek -iskos, diminutive suffix
1 : of, relating to, or being -- chiefly in adjectives indicating nationality or ethnic group <Finnish>
2 a : characteristic of <boyish> <Pollyannaish> b : inclined or liable to <bookish> <qualmish>
3 a : having a touch or trace of <purplish> : somewhat <darkish> b : having the approximate age of <fortyish>
А вот ОЕД (полностью все примеры и объяснения не привожу, слишком много) -
1. In OE. and the cognate langs., chiefly forming gentile adjs. from national names: e.g. British (OE. Brittisc), English (OE. Englisc, Sc. Inglis), Scottish, Scotch (OE. Scyttisc, Sc. Scottis, Scots), Irish (OE. Irisc), Welsh (OE. Wielisc, Sc. Walys, Wallis); Danish
2. Added to other ns., with the sense ‘Of or belonging to a person or thing, of the nature or character of’. These were not numerous in OE., whence only a few have come down to later times. Examples are ... heathenish ... inlandish, ... outlandish (which come close to the gentile group in 1); also ... human, ... childish, ... churlish. In later times this ending has become exceedingly common, sometimes in the earlier colourless sense as boyish, girlish, waggish, but chiefly in a derogatory sense, ‘Having the (bad or objectionable) qualities of’: as in apish, babyish, boarish, boorish, brutish, clownish, currish, devilish, doggish, doltish...
Also from names of things, with sense ‘of the nature of, tending to’, as in aguish, blockish, bookish, brinish, feverish, freakish, hellish, moorish; or from other parts of speech, as snappish, stand-offish, uppish.
In recent colloquial and journalistic use, -ish has become the favourite ending for forming adjs. for the nonce (esp. of a slighting or depreciatory nature) on proper names of persons, places, or things, and even on phrases, e.g. Disraelitish, Heine-ish, Mark Twainish, Micawberish, Miss Martineauish, Queen Annish...
3. Added to adjs. with the sense ‘Of the nature of, approaching the quality of, somewhat’, apparently first with words of colour (which may have been treated as ns., and so have originally come under 2): e.g. bluish (a1400), blackish (a1500), brownish, reddish, whitish, yellowish, etc. In later use also with other adjs., and now, in colloquial use, possible with nearly all monosyllabic adjs., and some others, e.g. brightish, broadish, coldish, darkish, dimmish...
4. Added to names of hours of the day or numbers of years to denote: round about, somewhere near (the time or period of) (prob. after earlyish, latish).
Вообще, значения суффксов и префиксов часто очень четко и понятно объяснены в словаре.
-
Vovka
- Уже с Приветом
- Posts: 1906
- Joined: 14 Mar 2001 10:01