Насчет выбора целей - интересно, почему все же для демонстрации выбрали города - а не, например, военные базы? Или хотя бы крупные заводы? Кстати, как известно, в качестве первой цели фигурировала Киото - древняя столица Японии - но ее (к счастью) все же вычеркнул военный секретарь Стимсон...helg wrote:...террористическими атаками на население упомянутых городов.
http://www.alternatewars.com/WW2/WW2_Do ... mittee.htm
http://www.alternatewars.com/WW2/WW2_Do ... mittee.htm
http://www.alternatewars.com/WW2/WW2_Do ... mittee.htm
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/index.htm
http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/V/AAF-V-20.html
Notes on initial meeting of the Target Committee held on 27 April 1945:
General Groves briefed the group on the importance of the mission relative to selection of targets...
c. The following comments were offered on available targets in the Japanese islands:
(1) Hiroshima is the largest untouched target not on the 21st Bomber Command priority list. Consideration should be given to this city.
...
(4) Tokyo is a possibility but it is now practically all bombed and burned out and is practically rubble with only the palace grounds left standing.
(5) It should be remembered that in our selection of any target, the 20th Air Force is operating primarily to laying waste all the main Japanese cities, and that they do not propose to save some important primary target for us if it interferes with the operation of the war from their point of view. Their existing procedure has been to bomb the hell out of Tokyo, bomb the aircraft, manufacturing and assembly plants, engine plants and in general paralyze the aircraft industry so as to eliminate opposition to the 20th Air Force operations. The 20th Air Force is systematically bombing out the following cities with the prime purpose in mind of not leaving one stone lying on another:
Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya, Osaka, Kyoto,
Kobe, Yawata & Nagasaki
It was suggested that the following criteria be given as a basis for preparation of the data in response to the above request:
a. Consideration is to be given to large urban areas of not less than 3 miles in diameter existing in the larger populated areas.
b. The targets should be between the Japanese cities of Tokyo and Nagasaki.
c. The target and/or aiming point should have a high strategic value.
d. The following areas are considered appropriate for study: Tokyo Bay, Kawasaki, Yokohama, Nagoya, Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto, Hiroshima, Kure, Yawata, Kokura, Shimosedka, Yamaguohi, Kumamoto, Fukuoka, Hagasaki, Sasebo.
Summary of Target Committee Meetings on 10 and 11 May 1945.
The agenda for the meetings presented by Dr. Oppenheimer...
6. Status of Targets
A. Dr. Stearns described the work he had done on target selection. He has surveyed possible targets possessing the following qualifications: (1) they be important targets in a large urban area of more than three miles diameter, (2) they be capable of being damaged effectively by a blast, and (3) they are likely to be unattacked by next August. Dr. Stearns had a list of five targets which the Air Forces would be willing to reserve for our use unless unforeseen circumstances arise. These targets are:
(1) Kyoto - This target is an urban industrial area with a population of 1,000,000. It is the former capital of Japan and many people and industries are now being moved there as other areas are being destroyed. From the psychological point of view there is the advantage that Kyoto is an intellectual center for Japan and the people there are more apt to appreciate the significance of such a weapon as the gadget. (Classified as an AA Target)
.....
(6) The possibility of bombing the Emperor's palace was discussed. It was agreed that we should not recommend it but that any action for this bombing should come from authorities on military policy. It was agreed that we should obtain information from which we could determine the effectiveness of our weapon against this target.
7. Psychological Factors in Target Selection
A. It was agreed that psychological factors in the target selection were of great importance. Two aspects of this are (1) obtaining the greatest psychological effect against Japan and (2) making the initial use sufficiently spectacular for the importance of the weapon to be internationally recognized when publicity on it is released.
B. In this respect Kyoto has the advantage of the people being more highly intelligent and hence better able to appreciate the significance of the weapon. Hiroshima has the advantage of being such a size and with possible focusing from nearby mountains that a large fraction of the city may be destroyed. The Emperor's palace in Tokyo has a greater fame than any other target but is of least strategic value.
8. Use Against "Military" Objectives
A. It was agreed that for the initial use of the weapon any small and strictly military objective should be located in a much larger area subject to blast damage in order to avoid undue risks of the weapon being lost due to bad placing of the bomb
